Abstract The Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) is one of Brazil's largest southwest Atlantic estuarine systems, possessing a rich microalgae diversity that remains to be fully explored. Therefore, due to the increasing interest in the microalgae biotechnological potential, this study isolated and identified diatoms found in the PEC. The diatoms were purified and analyzed with light and scanning electron microscopy for morphological identification, while DNA sequences were used for molecular identification. Although a diatoms rich diversity was obtained, only a few were viable after the cultivation period. The two best-selected strains were identified as belonging to two genera, Nitzschia and Navicula. The rbcL region was found to be the most informative for species identification. Morphological and molecular analyses allowed for the identification of species Nitzschia inconspicua and Navicula pseudoantonii, which was understood as the first report of N. pseudoantonii in the American continent.

RESUMO Objetivo Desenvolver uma equação de estimativa da temperatura de referência das mamas, de acordo com a variação das temperaturas ambiente e central. Métodos Foram avaliadas quatro mulheres assintomáticas durante três ciclos menstruais consecutivos. Mensuraram-se, por termografia, as temperaturas das mamas e ocular, como referência indireta das temperaturas central e ambiente. Para análise do comportamento térmico durante o ciclo as temperaturas das mamas, foram normalizadas com a temperatura central e ambiente por meio de uma equação matemática. Resultados Foram realizadas 180 observações, sendo que a temperatura central apresentou a maior correlação com a temperatura das mamas, seguida da temperatura ambiente. O modelo de predição proposto conseguiu explicar 45,3% da variação da temperatura das mamas com temperatura ambiente variável podendo ser aceito como uma forma de estimar a temperatura de referência das mesmas em diferentes temperaturas ambientais. Conclusão A temperatura média das mamas em mulheres saudáveis teve relação direta com a temperatura central e ambiente, e pôde ser estimada matematicamente. Sugere-se que uma equação poderia ser utilizada para estimativa da temperatura de referência da mama normal em mulheres, independente do dia do ciclo e, portanto, auxiliar na avaliação de estudos anatômicos.

ABSTRACT Objective To develop an equation to estimate the breast reference temperature according to the variation of room and core body temperatures. Methods Four asymptomatic women were evaluated for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Using thermography, the temperature of breasts and eyes was measured as indirect reference of core body and room temperatures. To analyze the thermal behavior of the breasts during the cycle, the core body and room temperatures were normalized by means of a mathematical equation. Results We performed 180 observations and the core temperature had the highest correlation with the breast temperature, followed by room temperature. The proposed prediction model could explain 45.3% of the breast temperature variation, with variable room temperature variable; it can be accepted as a way to estimate the reference breast temperature at different room temperatures. Conclusion The average breast temperature in healthy women had a direct relation with the core and room temperature and can be estimated mathematically. It is suggested that an equation could be used in clinical practice to estimate the normal breast reference temperature in young women, regardless of the day of the cycle, therefore assisting in evaluation of anatomical studies.

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is largely used for the manufacturing of high-quality composite components and the key stage during processing is the resin infiltration. The complete understanding of this phenomenon is of utmost importance for efficient mold construction and the fast production of high quality components. This paper investigates the resin flow phenomenon within the mold. A computational application was developed to track the resin flow-front position, which uses a finite volume method to determine the pressure field and a FAN (Flow Analysis Network) technique to track the flow front. The mass conservation problem observed with traditional FE-CV (Finite Element-Control Volume) methods is also investigated and the use of a finite volume method to minimize this inconsistency is proposed. Three proposed case studies are used to validate the methodology by direct comparison with analytical and a commercial software solutions. The results show that the proposed methodology is highly efficient to determine the resin flow front, showing an improvement regarding mass conservation across volumes.